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Litauen / Lithuania. Index

von / by Michael Palomino


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Juden Litauen / Jews in Lithuania

1. Jews in Lithuania 01: Czarist rule (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
Discrimination of the Jews under czarist rule - cultural and spiritual life and Jewish schooling - racist Zionism and Jewish socialism - emigration movement

2. Jews in Lithuania 02: World War I - Belorussian Lithuania - Polish Lithuania - State of Lithuania 1919-1939 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
Expulsion of Jews - Jews in Belorussian and in Polish parts of Lithuania 1919-1939 - schooling - discrimination of Jews and dictatorship in independent Lithuania - emigration and nationalism

3. Jews in Lithuania 03: World War II with sovietization and Holocaust (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
Soviet occupation - Stalin deportations - flight to central Russia - German occupation - mass shootings - ghettos - Einsatzgruppen - destruction of Jewry in Lithuania

4. Jews in Lithuania 04: Soviet occupation since 1944 - war crimes trials
(Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
Lithuanian Nazis flying from the Soviet army - return of Jews from central Russia - trials and Nazi collaborators without trial - counting of 1959


Juden in litauischen Städten / Jews in Lithuanian towns
  • Jews in Vilna (01): 17th-19th century (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
    Jewish merchants - crisis and massacres in the 17th century - schooling - tensions - enlightenment - Socialist and racist Zionist movement - Hebrew printing in the 19th century
  • Jews in Vilna (02): World War I - nationalism - Holocaust - Soviets (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
    Vilna as a refugee center in World War I - national institutions 1922-1939 - sovietization 1940 - Holocaust in World War II 1941-1944 with mass shootings at Ponary, ghetto fight and partisans - countings 1959 and 1970 - anti-Semitic campaigns since 1948
  • Jews in Kaunas (Kowno, Kovno) (Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)  English
    Expulsions in the 18th century - schooling - World War I expulsions - Kaunas as the capital of independent Lithuania 1919-1939 - Holocaust with Slobodka concentration camp - migrations since 1944