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Encyclopaedia Judaica

Jews in the Ottoman Empire 01: Contents and sources

from: Ottoman Empire; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 16

presented by Michael Palomino (2008)

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<OTTOMAN EMPIRE,

Middle East empire started by a Turkish tribe, led by 'Uthman (1288-1326), at the beginning of the 14th century. This article is arranged according to the following outline:

Growth of Ottoman Empire Until Capture of Constantinople (1453)

The Ottoman Empire After the Capture of Constantinople: The Migration of the Refugees
The Settlement of the Spanish and Portuguese Refugees in the Empire

The Spread of the Ottoman Empire (col. 1529)
The Conquest of Syria, Erez Israel, Egypt, Hungary, North Africa, Iraq, and Yemen
The Conquest of Hungary
Conquests in North Africa
The Conquest of Iraq: The First Period (1534-1623)
Ottoman Rule of Iraq: The Second Period (1638-1917)
The Nasi in Babylon
The Conquest of Yemen

The Era of Standstill and Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Decline of the Political and Economic Status of the Jews
The Status of the Jews in the Empire
The Poll Tax
Restrictions on Building New Synagogues
Blood Libels
In Egypt
In Palestine

Economic Life
Capitulations

The Organization of Jewish Communities in the Empire
Religious Administration
The Secular Administration of the Kakhya
Communities and Congregations of the Empire After the Arrival of the Refugees: Secular and Religious Administration: Communal Institutions
Disputes Between Congregations
The Hakham Bashi [[chief rabbis]]

Cultural Life
The Spiritual Revival in the 16th Century
Heterodox Spiritual Trends Among Ottoman Jewry
Ladino Literature

Powerful Jews, Physicians, Counselors, Lords, and Mediators in the Ottoman Empire

Reign of Abdu-l-Hamid

Summary
The Ottoman Empire spread through Asia Minor, and until 1922 the realm built by 'Uthman and his descendants was called by his name: the Ottoman-Turkish Empire. The Ottoman Turks continued to extend the areas of their conquests and in this way the Jewish communities of the Byzantine Empire came under their rule (for the earlier period of history of the Jews in this region see *Byzantine Empire).> (col. 1530)





<Bibliography

-- Rosanes, Togarmah
-- I.S. Emmanuel: Histoire des Israélites de Salonique (1936)
-- A. Galanté: Documents officiels turcs concernant les Juifs de Turkie (1931)
-- idem: Histoire des Juifs d'Istanbul, 2 vols (1941-42)
-- J. Nehama: Histoire des Israélites de Salonique, 5 vols. (1935-59)
-- B. Lewis: Notes and Documents from the Turkish Archives (1952)
-- A. Danon, in: REJ, 40 (1900), 206-30; 41 (1901), 98-117, 250-65
-- U. Heyd, in: Oriens, 6 (1953), 229-313
-- S. Schechter: Studies in Judaism (1938)
-- Z. Werblowsky: Joseph Karo, Lawyer and Mystic (1962)
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-- R. Mantran and J. Sauvaget: Rčglement fiscaux ottomans (1951)
-- Hirschberg, Afrikah
-- idem: in: Religion in the Middle East, 1 (1969), 119-225
-- I. Ben-Zvi: Erez Yisrael vi-Yshuvah (1955)
-- M. Benayahu: Marbiz Torah (1957)
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-- J. Braslawi, in: Kol Erez Naftali (1969), 244-57
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-- I.R. Molho, in: Ozar Yehudei Sefarad, 2 (1959), 27-40 (Spanish), 31-42 (Heb.)
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-- D. Weinryb, in: Zion, 2 (1937), 189-215; 3 (1938), 58-83
-- S. Hazan: Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomo ... (1894, repr. 1968)
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-- E. Neumark: Massa el Erez ha-Kedem (1947)
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-- Conforte, Kore
-- R. A. Ben-Simon: Tuv Mizrayim (1908)
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-- D. Ahi-Ya'akov, in: Gesher, 15 no. 4 (1969), 78-84
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-- W.S. Davis: A Short History of the Near East (1943)
-- I.M. Goldman: The Life and Times of Rabbi Ibn Abi Zimra (1970).

[Y. GEL. / H.Z.H.] > (col. 1554)



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