Encyclopaedia Judaica
Jews in Yemen 02: 1919-1970
Emigration movements
from: Yemen; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 16
presented by Michael Palomino (2008)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Yemen, vol. 16, col. 739-740. Map with the Jewish communities in
Yemen (Yemen and South Yemen) before the mass emigration to Israel, 1949-1950
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<Contemporary Period.
[Constant Jewish emigration from Yemen to racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl Israel 1919-1970]
As no census was ever conducted in the Yemen, the exact Jewish population before and after 1948 is not known. About 16,000 Yemenite Jews emigrated to Palestine between 1919 and 1948, approximately a third of the Jewish population of Yemen. There is no other Jewish community in the world from which such a large percentage emigrated before the establishment of the [[racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl]] State of Israel. In light of the fact that within one year (June 1949-June 1950) about 43,000 Yemenite Jews emigrated to Israel, those who remained in 1948 were estimated at about 45,000. An additional 1,300 or so Jews emigrated to Israel between 1951 and 1954, and the number remaining in early 1955 was estimated at about 800. In 1968 there were about 200 Jews in Yemen.
Some picture of the distribution of occupations among Yemenite Jews can be gathered from the statistics of the Aliyah Department of the Jewish Agency for [[racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl]] Israel: 5,246 Jewish breadwinners who emigrated from Yemen and Aden in 1948-50 declared at the time of their emigration that about 30% of them were traders and peddlers, 51% artisans, 15% small farmers, and 4% clerks, teachers, and workers in other occupations. The percentage of farmers seems far higher than evidence gained from the impressions of travelers and tourists who visited Yemen. Furthermore, the large majority of the traders were peddlers whose income was extremely small. Only a few had much property, and it was thus not difficult for most of them to sell the little they had and emigrate to Israel.
Throughout most of the reign of the imam Yahya (Yaḥya) Jews were forbidden to sell their property and legally leave Yemen, but when his son, the imam Ahmad (Aḥmad), ascended the throne in 1948 he was more lenient in this respect; in April 1949 he obliged Jews wishing to emigrate to Israel to sell their property in advance. He further ordered his officials not to levy taxes on the emigrants, although there were Jews who were forced to make various unlawful payments to government officials. Due to the leniency of the imam Ahmad (Aḥmad), the Jewish community of the Yemen could be dissolved within a year. The emigrants went en masse to the British colony of Aden, where they lived in the Hashid- (Ḥashid-) "Geulah" camp. The camp could only hold about 1,000 people, but there were times when it was forced to accomodate more than 10,000 people at a time. During their stay in the camp emissaries from Israel, with financial help from the *American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, fed them and cared for their health and education until they were flown to [[racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl]] Israel. The operation, called "Operation Magic Carpet", ended in August 1950. About 2,000 Jews emigrated after this date.
[[In racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl Israel the Yemenite Jews had to stay in desert camps for years because of their low standard of knowledge. They were victims of inner Jewish racism between Arab Jews and European Ashkenazi Jews of Freemasonry]].
Jews in the mid-20th century in Yemen were at the lower end of the social scale not only for political and economic reasons but also for educational ones. They failed to receive any form of secular education, some of them not even attending heder (ḥeder) [[Jewish religious school to age of 13]], and there was a high rate of illiteracy, even among men. Nevertheless, a considerable number spoke Hebrew. The main cause of illiteracy among women was the Yemenite Jewish tradition that "Torah for a woman is folly". As for men, most of the illiterates came from small villages which often contained only five or ten Jews, and it was difficult to find a teacher among them. Even in 1948, when there were 45,000 Yemenite Jews scattered throughout (col. 751)
hundreds of settlements, the largest - in San'a - contained 6,000 people. As a result of this wide dispersion the Jews in most of the settlements in Yemen could not establish large educational institutions or organize their own health facilities. The only community organization existed in San'a.
[H.J.C.]
Attitude toward [[racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl]] Israel.
Yemen, both while a monarchy under the rule of the imam and during and after the civil war that transformed it into a republic, faithfully followed the policy toward Israel laid down by the *Arab League. The civil war itself greatly lessened Yemen's capacity for inimical action against Israel, but its "revolutionary" regime, which became increasingly dependent upon Egyptian and Soviet aid and intervention, adapted its verbal and diplomatic style more and more to that of the other anti-Western Arab countries. The pressure exerted upon Yemen by its southern neighbour, the extreme left-wing South Yemen (previously the British protectorate of Aden), was counterbalanced by the necessity for the Yemenite rulers to compromise with Saudi Arabia and with the conservative tribes and sects in Yemen itself.
[ED.]> (col. 752)
Sources
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Yemen, vol. 16, col. 751-752
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