[Legal racist Darwinist theories in the "scientific" universities]

[[Worldwide racism Darwinism was taught at the universities and was presented as a subject of "science"]].

<Racism was threatening to become from the second half of the 19th century the new buttress of quasi-scientific rationalizations of the hatred of the Jews when its older religious props were disintegrating. These ideas were influenced by successes in the organization and development of agriculture and cattle breeding along racial lines, by the stimulus of racist and semi-racist policies toward Negroes everywhere, and toward "natives" in many parts of the British Empire, and by the penetration of Darwinian biologistic concepts of the "war for survival" and "survival of the fittest", which led to a sociological Darwinism that was first used in conflicts between social circles in Christian society and in republican France.

There gradually emerged in Europe a racist theory (see *Race, Theory of) which postulated the division of mankind into "higher" and "lower" races and into "good" and "bad" breeds. Carried over from the disciplines of nature and economics, where functionalism and teleology could flexibly suggest the breeding of a race for a specific purpose, this theory acquired cruelty and absurdity when applied to humanity and to the area of absolute imponderable values and goals (see also J.A. de *Gobineau; H.S. *Chamberlain).

When combined with the stereotypes of the Jews and his character it acquired the ultimate horror of the racial scale, where the "Aryan", which stood in Nazi race parlance for Germanic, represented the best type of man, while the "Semite", which in the same parlance was actually intended to designate the Jews, came to represent an irreparably evil and harmful blood and race.

the growing influence of Adolf *Hitler and the Nazis, the medieval-type poison disseminated by newspapers like Der *Stuermer, the theories propounded by A. *Rosenberg and expounded by J. *Goebbels, created a dangerous situation and oppressive attitude toward Jews even before the seizure of power in Germany by Hitler in 1933.

[[Hitler was mainly financed by racist representatives from abroad: Ford, Shell, French Royalists, Russian Czarists etc.]].

The public vote, adherence of the youth, and the growing "respectability" of the Nazis and Nazi ideas among the right wing of [[...]] influence of this development in the heartland of Europe, in a country and nation famous for their culture, became threatening for Jews everywhere.

[Anti-Semitic political parties]

*Anti-Semitic political parties ans organizations had begun to appear in Germany and Austria-Hungary in the 1870s (see A. *Stoecker; K. *Lueger; G. *Istóczy). These had from the first made in clear tones "socialist" claims against Jewish exploiters, "Christian" aims against subversive Judaism, and overt hatred of the blood and the irradicably evil character of the Jew. In 1882 a first international congress of anti-Semites convened in Dresden, marking the conception of an all-European war against the Jewish "international conspiracy". The anti-Jewish agitation of Edouard *Drumont in France reached its peak and was defeated in the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s (see Alfred *Dreyfus; Emile *Zola). Right-wing sentiment against the Jews lingered on actively in France after the decisive defeat of the anti-Dreyfusards, however: it attracted many embittered intellectuals, Catholic and radical.

Another type and tradition of anti-Semitism was active and virulent in the "successor states" of Russia and Austria-Hungary. These faced a large Jewish participation in the "third estate" (Poland, Lithuania) and in the intellectual elite of the country (Hungary). Memories of the war against Russia, when Jews were suspected of Russian leanings in the east of Poland (leading to the massacre in *Pinsk), and memories of the communist revolt in Hungary led by the Jew Béla *Kun intensified enmity against the Jews. Obliged by the minority treaties (see *Minority Rights) and by their internal economic and political situation to refrain from open action against Jews in the 1920s and early 1930s, these states developed, in particular Poland, Rumania [[Romania]], and Hungary, a systematic policy of anti-Jewish measures camouflaged as measures intended for the improvement of trade or crafts, or for stricter sanitation.

[[In 1919 the racist Zionists manipulated the Paris "Peace Conference", so the Jews got the acknowledgment as a "nation" with minority rights. These rights were given in most East European states, but the national governments generalized the Jews as a foreign nation in the state, so, an enemy in the state, and by this generalization - not considering any anti-Zionists - were taken anti-Jewish measures]].

Taxation also served as a weapon against Jews. Public opinion and economic semi-official organizations served the same purpose, such as the *Rozwoj organization and cooperatives in [[racist anti-Semitic]] Poland.The numerus clausus was introduced openly or clandestinely. Jews did not obtain state employment, while the "general" measures mentioned above enabled closing down of Jewish shops and workshops and made economic activity difficult for them. Public opinion encouraged this policy and was in turn officially encouraged in hostility to Jews. Attacks against Jews by students and the youth were endemic in Rumania [[Romania]], where they were scarcely punished, and became more and more frequent in [[racist anti-Semitic]] Poland.

[Nazi power is combining the different anti-Semitic lines]

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 114: [[Graphics]]: Anti-Semitic representatives
in the German Reichstag from 1912 to 1933. [[You can see that the "jump" is
coming with the economic crisis since 1929]].

Following the arrival of the Nazis to power [[with the help of the racist "Christian" Catholics]] between 1934 and 1939 all these various brands of anti-Semitism on the continent of Europe tended to merge, accepting to a greater (History, col. 738)

or lesser degree the racist theory and cruel methods of the Nazis [[and their collaborators, e.g., the racist, anti-Semitic Church, with prayers for Hitler, giving the wedding data about mixed marriages, etc.]]. On the other hand, this provoked growing revulsion from anti-Semitism in some conservative and Church circles, though expressed hesitatingly and not generally leading to much activity against anti-Semitism.

The Nazis [[and their collaborators]] set the tone in introducing racism as a basic concept in law with the *Nuremberg Laws (1935). They gradually tried out on European public opinion as well as "educated" German society the steps of open boycott, violence, and harsh isolation of the Jews and expropriation of their property, culminating in the *Kristallnacht action [[Crystal Night]] of November 9-10, 1938. [[The world wide Jewish organizations boycotted Nazi Germany since 1933. About half of the Jews could emigrate, to Palestine by Ha'avara agreement]].

The badge of a yellow "magen David" [[sign of David]] served to mark the Jew outwardly. Jews were given a spurious autonomy appointed by and closely supervised by specially trained "experts" of the *SS and *Gestapo. By the eve of World War II not only the non-communist states of eastern Europe but also fascist Italy under *Mussolini and pro-Nazi political parties in the West, like that of Oswald Mosley in England and the Croix de Feu [[Fire Crosses]] in France, had accepted - some enthusiastically, some reluctantly - the Nazi line toward Jew, though not always all the details of Nazi behavior toward them.

The civil war in Spain (1936-39), where thousands of left-wing Jews fought and died in the ranks of the international brigades of the republic against the armies of the Caudillo Franco, served in the case of the Jews, as in other aspects, to rally the extreme right wing of Europe closer to Hitler and make his victims its enemies.> (History, col. 741)



[1870-1939: the move westward: Jewry in Europe going down - Jewry enhancing in Palestine and in "America"]

<Those years [[1870-1939]] were the crucial turning point, the hinge [[links]] on which modern Jewish history, the era of the emancipation, turned into contemporary Jewish history, the age of unparalleled virulence of anti-Semitism, the virtual end of European Jewry, and the rise of the American Jewish community and the [[racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl]] State of Israel.

Between 1880 and 1900 it became clear that the dominant response to the growing difficulties and dangers in Central and eastern Europe was for Jews to attempt to flee westward; at first westward in Europe itself, to Vienna in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to [[racist kaiser]] Germany, to [[racist "democratic"]] France, and to [[racist Empire]] England.

In all of these countries quite small Jewish populations were, on the average, at least doubled between 1882 and 1914. In the [[criminal racist]] United States, however, during that very same period, the Jewish population increased nearly fifteenfold, from a quarter of a million to three and a half million; Jews were some 8% of the total that arrived between 1880 and 1914. In the main, the reasons for this great increase were economic as America was then expanding rapidly in economic dynamism and through the settling of its large territories, and was thus in need of large numbers of new immigrants.

[[The First Nations (natives, "Indians") in the criminal racist "USA" were systematically eliminated or the rests of it were put into open air concentration camps, called: "reservations"]].

However, a partial reason was the increasing lack of hospitality to Jews in western Europe. Anti-Semitism was growing, and so was the increased fear of it on the part of the older Jewish residents in [[racist kaiser]] Germany, [[racist "democratic"]] France, and [[racist Empire]] England. (Anti-Semitism, col. 125)

[Vienna with Lueger and the young Hitler - anti-Semitism and immigration restrictions in England since 1906]

In Vienna the 1890s were marked by the repeated reelection as mayor of the city of Karl *Lueger on an avowedly anti-Semitic platform. Lueger appealed to the impoverished lower-middle classes, who envied the success of Jews in Vienna's economic and cultural life. The emperor refused to confirm his first four elections, but on the fifth such occasion, in 1897, he finally gave in.

[[Lueger was anti-Semitic, but he did much for Vienna and for the poor. It seems there was no other mayor like him - otherwise the population had elected another one]].

It was Lueger to whom the very young Adolf Hitler listened when he came to Vienna to try to become a painter; it was Lueger whom [[racist Zionist]] Theodor Herzl had in mind when, watching the degradation of Alfred Dreyfus in [[racist "democratic"]] Paris, he came to the conclusion that anti-Semitism which could become a major political issue in the two most enlightened cities in Europe could no longer be regarded as a passing phenomenon.

[[Racist Zionist Herzl even stated that anti-Semitism was a driving force of collaboration for the Jews and to prepare a racist Zionist "Jewish State" in Palestine against all Arabs]].

Even in [[racist Empire]] England, the country which had been freest of all forms of anti-Semitism in the middle third of the 19th century, it reappeared after 1881, as relatively large numbers of Yiddish-speaking new immigrants continued to arrive. The moral qualities and working habits of these Jews were debated and investigated by parliamentary commissions and, after years of tension, an Aliens Act putting restrictions on further immigration became law in 1906.

In [[racist Empire]] England, and even in [[racist "democratic"]] France during the Dreyfus affair, anti-Jewish arguments and attitudes rested on a purely national premise, that is on the supposed need to protect the integrity of national traditions. So, for example the problem for Charles *Maurras, the central figure of French integral nationalism, was whether the Jews would be regarded, along with Bretons, Normans, etc., as one of the valid "families of France". It was, indeed, to the nationalist forms of anti-Semitism that Pinsker and Herzl were responding by suggesting that the cure for such tensions could come through the establishment of a normalized Jewish national identity parallel to that of all other nations.

[1890s: Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism against Pan-Jewry with it's claim of choiceness]

In those years, however, new forms of anti-Semitism were arising. These were no longer rooted in real or supposed defense of national integrity. The ideologies of both Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism were politically conceived in international terms (both movements were in being in 1890). In the realms of metaphysics their sense of the Teutonic or Slavic traditions as the prime bearers of human culture reflected, and conflicted with, biblical notions about the choiceness of the Jews. The (Anti-Semitism, col. 125)

distance from either of these ideologies to racism, to the insistence that the superiority of the Slav or the German inhered not in his history but in his very biological type, was not very large. Gobineau, who had been half forgotten, was again being read in the 1890s, especially in [[racist kaiser]] Germany. The first international meeting of all the anti-Semitic parties of Europe had taken place as early as 1882;

["International movement" of anti-Semitism since 1900 - Dreyfus case giving drive against the Jews in Europe]

by 1900 anti-Semitism was clearly an international movement in which hatred of the Jews had become the unifying premise for groups as disparate and clashing as the anti-Dreyfusards and the nationalists of the very [[racist kaiser]] Germany for which Alfred Dreyfus had been accused of spying. This paradox made a certain kind of anti-Semitic sense. Jews were heavily identified in the major capitals of European culture with the most modern, critical, cosmopolitan supra-national spirit, and thus with the very cultural force which the newest ideologies of the radical right were trying to destroy.

The leading figure of the Enlightenment, Voltaire, had not believed that Jews could ever really become philosophes, and he had therefore, been less than a staunch proponent [[strong promoter]] of their equality. Little more than a century later the newest forms of national anti-Semitism were attacking the Jews as harmful to society precisely because they were regarded with considerable truth, as the most significant single element among the bearers of the tradition of the European Enlightenment. In this task Jews continued to be important in Europe after 1900, but their position was already clearly embattled [[disputed]], and the role was being abandoned, at least in part. By that year the Jewish masses on the move had already made a crucial decision that the future of most of the migrants was to be found in the [[criminal racist]] United States. The ideologists and earliest pioneers of [[racist]] Zionism had moved eastward, out of the European arena to the creation of the renewed Jewish national identity in Erez Israel (Ereẓ Israel) [[Land of Israel, into the eternal war trap against all Arabs]].> (col. 126)

[[There were many non-Zionist and anti-Zionist Jews emigrating to other overseas countries than to the eternal war trap of Palestine - which is not mentioned here]].


THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF THE EARLY 1930s

<Jews everywhere were hard hit economically by the crisis of 1929, as were almost all sectors of the public in Europe and the United States. The New Deal of Franklin D. *Roosevelt did much to help them in the United States, where they were again in the mainstream of development of the whole country. Yet the early 1930s were a difficult time not only economically but also socially for Jews there. The odium in curred by Roosevelt and his measures often related to Jews too. Public agitators like Father Coughlin used the new medium of radio to preach hatred against Jews.> (History, col. 741)

[[Coughlin was only a "normal" product of criminal anti-Semitic "Christian" Church]].


["Christian" propaganda strategies against the Jews]

[The defamation strategy of having sex with "Christian" women and incontrollable Jewish potency]

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 133: cartoon showing a "Christian" maid defending against a male attack in her bed Text (German): TALMUD: (Confiseiert) Die Rabbiner Bechai, Lewi ben Gerson, Maimon: "Der Jude begeht keinen Ehebruch, wenn er ein Christenmädchen missbraucht, auch wenn er verheiratet ist, denn das Weib des Ungläubigen kann gebraucht werden." Cartoon from the anti-Semitic pamphlet Judenspiegel, Leipzig, 1926. The pamphlet misquotes the Talmud to prove that Jews are obliged to commit infamous acts against Christians. The caption under this drawing reads: "The rabbis Bechai, Lewi ben Gerson and Maimon say that a Jew does not sin when he abuses a Christian girl, even if he is married, since the wife of an unbeliever may be despoiled."

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 134, cartoon of Otto Mayer [[This cartoon shows the madness of Nazi propaganda combining love, "Christianism" of hanging at a cross, and blood and rape]]: Text: "Der Nürnberger Jude Otto Mayer pflegte seine Opfer zu kreuzigen. In völlig nacktem Zustande band er sie an ein eigens dazu angefertigtes Holzkreuz und schändete sie, sobald aus den Wundmalen das Blut floss." <A Nazi cartoon. the caption reads: "Otto Mayer, the Nuremberg Jew,used to crucify his victim. He bound her, stark naked, to a specially prepared wooden cross, and raped her as soon as the blood began to flow from her wounds."> [[The Jew is said having hanged the women at a cross - as a certain "Jesus" was put at a cross - and then raped this women, which is the symbol of a German wife of a certain "Jesus"]].

[The defamation strategy of money: love of money - stock exchange speculation]

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 143-144b: [[cartoon: Son Israel swallowed a coin]] "Satisfaction at the recovery of the ducat swallowed by little Israel" is the caption that was given to this German caricature, c. 1820 [[When the boy swallowed a coin he had to sit on the table and was fed with rhabarber until the body gave free the coin again by the ass]].

Text: <Israelchen hat einen Ducaten verschluckt. Wahre Begebenheit. Das kleine Israelchen bemerkt, wie sein Tate Baruch eine so grosse Liebe für das Gold hat. Der Knabe denkt: "Es muss doch seyn ebbes delicates um einen Ducaten!" Er kommt über das Etten Casse, sieht Ducaten, nimmt, leckt und - verschluckt einen! - "O wai geschrien!" - Es wird Lärm im Hause; der Eremnitzer muss wieder ans Tageslicht. Israelchen wird auf den Tisch gesetzt. Tate Baruch attaquiert in der Front mit Rhabarbar, während Momme Rachel mit Lavements [[Waschungen]] in den Rücken fällt. Pefselche, Schmul und Löbche - der seinen neuen Rock aus altem Beinkleidern hat - harren ängstlich der Wiedergeburt ihrer T 5.30 mehr werthen Bruders, und siehe, das Goldsöhnchen lässt sie nicht länger warten!> English: <Little Israel swallowed a ducat. True fact. Little Israel remarked that aunt Baruch loves the gold very much. The boy thinks: "There has to be something special with a ducat!" Coming to the case seeing the ducats, he takes one, licks on it - and swallowed one! - "O what's up cried!" - There is noise in the house coming up; this coin has to be recovered again. Little Israel is put on a table. Aunt Baruch attacks him in the front with rhabarber, Mother Rachel is washing him the back. And now they are waiting for the recovery of the brother T. 5.30 worth, and look, the little gold son is not waiting for long!>

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 146: a Nazi cartoon of a Jewish stock broker [[sitting on his money bag without considering that the big part of Jewry also lost much money in the economic crisis of 1929]] Text: "Der Gott des Juden ist das Geld. Und um Geld zu verdienen, begeht er die grössten Verbrechen. Er ruht nicht eher, bis er auf einem grossen Geldsack sitzen kann, bis er zum König des Geldes geworden ist." English: "The God of the Jews is the money. And to earn the money he is committing the biggest crimes. He will not stop until he is sitting on a big money bag, until he has converted into the king of money." [[The cartoon is an absolute scapegoat nonsense: There were some Jews at the stock exchange, and there were many "Christians" at the stock exchange. There were many "Christians" who got their speculation profit at the stock exchange by Jewish brokers. And there were many industrialists - Jews and "Christians" - damaging the planet by their industries and mines and slavery. The cartoon is a pure scapegoat cartoon for the poor German population, and the Nazi leaders are making the big money with the industries up to the end of their regime]].

[The defamation strategy of evil fate]

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 153a: "Das grösste Getreide-Wucherthier der Welt. Neueste zoologische Entdeckung des Kikeriki" [[the biggest corn price managing animal of the world. The latest zoological discovery of Kikeriki]]: The Viennese anti-Semitic picture paper, "Kikeriki", depicts the Jew as a world-devouring vampire [[It seems there was a global corn price rally and some Jews had decisive influence]].		Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 154a: comparison Jew - "Christian" woman [[This cartoon is absolutely wrong, because the head of the man could also be a German and the head of the women could also be a German Jewish woman...]]
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 153: [[cartoon about Poland in Communism and Jewish fate as a living death]]: Cartoon from a Polish brochure of the thirties, "In The Grip of Communism". The Jew leads Death to his harvest in Poland, whose fate, according to the caption, will be worse than that of Russia and Spain. Text: Po Rosji i Hiszpanij - kolej na Polskę! Trzeba ją skąpać we krwi! Zostawić po niej ruiny i zgliszcza! Żyd już wiedzie kostuchę na żniwo do Polski! Baczmy na ten pochód i czuwajmy, bo gorze nam! Gorze!!!... [[This prophecy means that the error that Jewry should be a "nation" will end in the ruin as Spain and Russia have been destroyed]].		Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 154b: the blood libel revived in the "ritual murder number" of Julius Streicher's Nazi newspaper "Der Stürmer" [[with the Nazi claim "Die Juden sind unser Unglück" ("The Jews are our bad luck")]], May 1934 [[The cartoon depicts that the blood of dead "Christians" is flowing out of their mouths and flowing into the soap plates of the Jews who are nourishing themselves by the "Christian" blood. The cartoon means that the Jews want to enslave the "Christians". But above all "Christian" industrialists are enslaving the "Christian" populations. The cartoon is absolutely wrong]].

Sources
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): History, vol. 8, col. 737-738	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): History, vol. 8, col. 741-742	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 125-126	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, 113-114
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 133-134	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 143-144	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 145-146	Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Anti-Semitism, vol. 3, col. 153-154

previous   next