Prof.
Weber (Polytechnic University, sinde 1911
called ETH)
Prof. O.E. Meyer
Michele aus
Triest
Marie
Winteler, Rosa Winteler, Julia Niggi, Helene
Kaufler, Otto Wiener, Wilhelm Ostwald, Conrad
Habicht und Jost Winteler
Marcel Grossmann
R.S.
Shankland vom Case Institute of
Technology , he
was visiting Einstein in Princeton
for an interview on Feb.4, 1950
Dr.
Troemel-Ploetz from Franklin and Marchall
College
Albert-Einstein
document collection: The Collected Papers
of Albert Einstein, Vol. 1
Chronology of the data
1896-1914: Mileva with Einstein
Mileva shares his dreams and abilities, searching
with him "for the origins of the key material
relevant to the theory", Mileva is "fully involved
in the research" (p.1)
Physicists think that the cosmos can be
represented in equations, and the relativity
theory of Einstein and Mileva is one of the
formulas (p.2).
Einstein sees Mileva as "his collaborator in their
joint research," and the collaboration is
mentioned or praised in every third letter from
Einstein to Milena, and Mileva co-authored the
Theory of Relativity (p.1).
Quotations (translation):
"I find the
collaboration very good",
"We will
start immediately with Helmholtz's
elecyromagnetic theory",
"You must
now continue with your investiagtion",
"Professor
Weber is very nice to me... I gave him our
paper", and
"How happy
and proud I will be when the two of us
together will have brought our work on the
relative motion [the theory of relativity]
to a victorious conclusion!"
Zurich 1894 appr.: Einstein fails in
the entrance examination for the
Polytechnic
(S.4)
[because of a bad rating in French,
which is a compulsory foreign language in
Switzerland].
1895:
Einstein makes a thought experiment, what it would
be like to fly with a ray of light
"
what he would
see if he were able to follow a beam of
light at its own velocity through space --
if he were able to travel beside the beam of
light traveling toward the Great Clock Tower
in Bern -- evidences the problem. His
thought experiment should have simply had
him observing a standing wave if -- if, that
is he knew nothing of the remarkable
findings of the Michelson-Morley experiment."
(S.2)
Zurich 1896: Einstein can attend the
Polytechnic without entrance
examination
because he has the diploma of the Swiss
Cantonal School Aargau (p.4)
Zureich (Zurich) 1896-1900: Einstein
+ Mileva study in the same study
program at the ETH (until 1910:
Polytechnic University)
-- except 1 semester 1897-1898, when
Mileva studies in Heidelberg with Prof.
Lenard (S.4)
1896-1900: Mileva and Einstein have a
"full, equal share" in their research
-- and together they want to "change the
world of science" (p.4)
-- the letters between Einstein and
Mileva indicate a "wonderful
cooperation" (p.4-5)
[Einstein
and Mileva had a new vision of the world
against the professors and they were much time
in the laboratories missing classes - see the
video "Mileva Maric. In the shadow of Einstein
- 1999]
1896-1905: Mileva
dreams of Einstein's career
(S.5)
Mileva in Heidelberg 1897-1898:
Professors are teaching the
Michelson experiment
These professors in Heidelberg had
experienced Michelson himself during
a visit to Heidelberg in the early
1880s (p.4).
Mileva in Heidelberg 1897-1898:
Prof. Lenard teaches the
photoelectric effect
-- and Mileva transmits this
experimental research to Albert
Einstein (p.4)
-- So: The idea of the photoelectric
effect comes from Prof. Lenard in
Heidelberg (p.4).
Quote of Mr. Walker:
<It was
Lenard who did the
experimental research
that provided the data
on the photoelectric
effect for which
Albert Einstein wold
receive the Nobel
Prize twenty-five
years later. Prof.
Lenard received the
Nobel Prize for
1905.>.
--
Mileva Document 36 on Prof. Lenard
in Heidelberg (1897-1898) (p.7-8):
[Mileva
reports about Prof. Lenard
in Heidelberg who was
teaching about the kinetic
theory of the heat of
gases]
"Oh, it
was really neat at
the lecture of Prof.
Lenard yesterday, he
is talking now about
the kinetic theory
of heat of gases;
so, it turned out
that the molecules
of O move with a
velocity of over
400m per second,
then the good Prof.
calculated, set up
eq., differen.,
integrated,
substituted and it
finally turned out
that even though
mole- [p.7] cules do
move with this
velocity, they
travel a distance of
only 1/100 of a
hairbreadth. [p.8] (document
36)
1898ca.:
Einstein claims
Mileva's help in
function theory
and Einstein then
masters the theory
of functions thanks
to Mileva's help
(p.4)
Zurich March
1899: Einstein
receives the
"Censure of the
Director for
Non-Care in
Practical Physics
(Laboratory)"
(S.4)
1899: Einstein
knows the
Michelson-Morley
experiment
Proof is the
correspondence
between Einstein and
Mileva (p.12).
Einstein is working
through so many
physics books that
he must have known
about the
Michelson-Morley
experiment (p.13).
Quote of Mr. Walker
(from an article by
Stachel, In: Physics
Today, May 1987, p.
45):
"While
there is no
mention of
Albert A.
Michelson in
any of the
letters in
Volume 1 ...
there is
strong
indirect
evidence.
Einstein's
first comments
on the
subject...
appear in a
remarkable
letter" (p.12)
In a note to
Mileva dated April 16, 1898 (Document 41),
Albert says:
"I found the
apartment locked and nobody home...I beg
you therefore not to be angry with me for
abducting Drude in my hour of need, so as
to be able to study a little."
It is Drune's
book "Physics of the Aether" from 1894 on
electromagnetic basis. On September 10,
1899, he writes to her (Document 54):
"I can have
the municipal library send me books by
Helmholtz, Boltzmann & Mach ... I give
you my solmn promise that I'll go over
everything with you."
[...] [[Einstein writes]] to
Mileva Marić in August 1899 (Document 52):
<I returned
the Helmholtz volume and am
at present studying [p.12]
in depth hertz's propagation
of electric force. The
reason for it was that [I]
didn't understand
Helmholtz's treatise on the
principle of least action in
electrodynamics. I am more
and more convinced that the
electrodynamics of moving
bodies, as presented today
is not correct, and that it
should be possible to
present it in a simpler way.
The introduction of the term
"ether" into the theories of
electricity led to the
notion of a medium of whose
motion one can speak without
being able, I believe, to
associate a physical meaning
with this statement. I think
that the electric forces can
be directly defined only for
empty space, [which is] also
emphasized by Hertz. ...
Electrodynamics would then
be the theory of the motion
of moving electricities and
magnetisms in empty
space.> [p.13] (p.12-13)
All dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass die
beiden das verfügbare Material eng
miteinander teilten, und legt sogar nahe,
dass Marić einige der von Einstein
besprochenen Materialien ausgewählt hat.
Alle Verweise auf Material in der
Dokumentensammlung "The Collected Papers of
Albert Einstein", die Stachel zitiert, um zu
zeigen, dass Einstein vom
Michelson-Morley-Experiment Bescheid gewusst
und mit Lorentz vertraut war, verweisen auf
Wien, Lorentz, Drude und Hertz, stammen von
seinen Briefen an Mileva Marić und nicht aus
einem der anderen 99 Dokumente der
Dokumentensammlung "The Collected Papers of
Albert Einstein".> (S.13)
[...] On April 15, 1901, he writes to Mileva
and asks her: "Could you send me Kirchoff's
[[book about]] heat?">
Walker is concluding:
<All
of these points to the conclusion
that the two were closely sharing
the available material, and even
suggests that Marić selected some
of the material that Einstein
reviewed. All of the references to
material in The Collected Papers
of Albert Einstein that Stachel
quotes to show that Einstein
should have known of the
Michelson-Morley experiment and
been familiar with Lorentz's work,
references to Wien, Lorentz, Drude
and Hertz, are taken from his
letters to Mileva Marić, and not
from any of the other 99 documents
in The Collected Papers of Albert
Einstein.>
(p.13)
1900
Zurich
1900: Einstein
"slips
through" with
4.91 getting
his diploma -
Einstein did
not reach 5.0
(S.4)
Footnote
<2. Marks
below 5.00
were probably
customarily
below the
passing grade.
I have a
photostatic
copy of the
grades for
July 26, 1901
showing that
the grades of
4,65 and 4.75
were failing
grades; only
grades of 5.00
or higher were
passing.>
(p.17)
1900:
Mileva does
not pass the
diploma
because Weber
gives her
INTENTIONALLly
worse grades
-- She has
been given
"biased lower
grades" in
several
courses (p.4)
-- Mileva only
achieves an
average mark
of 4.00 (p.4)
-- Two courses
are much worse
graded than
Einstein,
first the
function
theory, and
second the
thesis (p.4).
-- Dr. Weber
takes revenge
on Mileva
[[because he
does not want
to give the
truant and
rebel Einstein
an assistant
position, but
Mileva
protests, and
that, Dr.
Weber cannot
accept -
Mileva has a
helper's
syndrome]]
(p.4).
Quote Walker:
<Mileva's
failing grade
resulted from
her marks on
two courses
where she
received
significantly
lower grades
than Albert.
One was in
Funktionentheorie
[[functional
theory]] --
despite the
fact that in
later years it
is known that
she was the
one Albert
called on to
help him in
his problems
in this area.
The other was
in
Diplomarbeit
[[dissertation]]
-- due largely
to some sort
of personality
conflict she
encountered
working with
Prof. Weber.>
(p.4)
["Personal conflict"? Mileva
is defending a Jewish truant
and a rebel... - she has a
helper's syndrome, and
therefore Dr. Weber cannot
collaborate any more and
destroys her diploma for not
having her as an assistant
either - other sources say,
she withdrew her thesis as a
protest - see Plötz 1990 (!) -
and another source claims that
there were courses missing
with Mileva because she had
studied 1 semester in
Heidelberg - see video: Mileva
Einstein 1999].
1900:
Men still dominate the
universities
-- Men block women at
universities (p.4)
-- Many German
universities generally
block access to high
degrees for women (p.4)
-- Women in physics are
an absolute rarity, at
the Polytechnic (called
ETH since 1911) this
only happens once every
ten years that a woman
studies physics (p.4)
1900: Mileva's
research questions:
What happens in a
room? How can the
brain think?
Walker (p.16):
<In
her biography
of Mileva,
Desanka
Trbuhovic-Gjuric
tells us that
Mileva,
speaking of
her time, felt
that "phsics
had come to a
recognizable
standstill."
[p. 127] In
this regard
Mileva was
particularly
interested in
the question,
"What happens
really in a
space in which
forces are
effective, and
how is it
possible [in
view of this]
for the matter
in the human
brain to think
and feel?">
[p. 128]
In physics,
therefore, it is
necessary to search for
the origin of the spirit
and consciousness
(p.16).
1901:
Mileva and Einstein are engaged
(S.5)
1901: Einstein knows the early work
of Lorentz about the transformations
Proof is the correspondence between
Einstein and Mileva (p.12). See the
letter passage:
<He
[[Mr.
Stachel]]
states that
there is no
mention of
Lorentz in any
surviving
letter of
Einstein's
until December
1901 when
Albert states
that he
intends to
study "what
Lorentz and
Paul Drude
[[boss of the
"Annalen der
Physik" in
Berlin]] have
written on the
subject.">
(p.13 - from an article by
Stachel; In: Physics Today, May
1987, p. 45)
But we hear
of Drude much earlier. In a note to Mileva
of April 16, 1898 (Document 41)>
1901-1905: Joint work of
Einstein and Mileva on the Theory of
Relativity
Letter from Einstein to Mileva on March 27,
1901:
"How
happy and proud I will be when
the two of us together will
have brought our work on the
relative motion to a
victorious conclusion!" (p.5)
1901 to
1914: Einstein achieves the greatest successes
with Mileva
-- Einstein's physics has the courage for new
concepts of space and time (p.5)
-- the gravitaiton should only be a distortion
of the space-time-metric (p.5)
-- there are photons as real energy packages,
not only as mathematical means, as Max Planck
meant, but as reality (p.5)
-- Einstein deals with the latest and most
detailed findings of current physics (p.5)
-- Walker states that "the background material,
the literature research, the critical data, and
most importantly the most daring ideas that
represented the turning points of the Theory of
Relativity came from Mileva, while much of the
overall formalism was established by Albert.
Mathematics and proofs were probably worked out
together." (S.5)
Zurich 1902: Einstein has to withdraw his
doctoral thesis
(S.4)
[Dr. Weber does not accept it. Maybe
Mileva has written it?]
1903ca .: Einstein with relativity theory:
Einstein has access to the data of the
Michelson-Morley experiment
-- Mr. Stachel has proved it
-- In the letters between Einstein and Mileva there
are technical data about the experiment (p.3)
1903: Mileva signs the marriage certificate
with the Hungarian name "Einstein-Marity"
(p.15)
Bern 1905: Einstein gets a "doctorate"
with a doctoral thesis (p.4).
1905: Mileva signs the manuscripts
with Einstein with the double name
"Einstein-Marity"
(p.15)
Leipzig "Annals of Physics" 1905:
Abraham Joffe sees the signature
Einstein-Maric
The original manuscripts from 1905 are
marked "Einstein-Maric" (p.1)
[The
Russian physicist Joffe reports on the
Hungarianized signature "Einstein-Marity" in
his book "Memories of Albert Einstein" (Joffe,
1960) - in: Plötz: The Woman Who - 1990].
"Annals of Physics"
in Leipzig 1905: The Theory of
Relativity with Michelson-Morley
and Lorentz
-- the article begins with a scheme
that represents the Michelson-Morley
experiment (p.12)
-- then the essential relations
between the reference frames and the
light radiation in the two
coordinate systems are shown,
parallel and perpendicular, so that
the Lorentz transformations are
created immediately (S.12)
-- on the basis of Michelson-Morley
and Lorentz the further formulas are
derived (p.12)
Einstein claims later in the years
of 1950s that he did not know
Michelson nor Lorentz (!) (p.11-12).
Walker states about this (p.12):
"It
is hard to
imagine that
such a basis
for the work
did not exist,
and even more
difficult to
imagine that
Einstein would
not have
remembered
distinctly
when and where
he first saw
that this
incredibly
simple
derivation
yielded the
Lorentz
transformations.
All this
becomes much
easier to
understand if
it wre Mileva
who had
acquired these
important
pieces of
information,
or brought
these facts
into play at
the right
time."
(p.12)
Journal
"Annals of Physics" in Leipzig 1905:
Abraham F. Joffe controls with Dr.
Röntgen the Einstein manuscripts with
the signature "Einstein-Maric"
-- Dr. Röntgen is a member of the board of
trustees of the journal "Annals of
Physics" ("Annalen der Physik") in Leipzig
and examines the entered texts (p.14)
-- Abraham F. Joffe is a summa cum laude
student of Dr. Röntgen and also controls
the entered texts (p.14)
-- Abraham F. Joffe sees "that the three
epoch-making articles by Einstein from
1905 had been entered under the original
name Einstein-Marić" (p.14)
-- this concerns the works "On the
Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (p.14)
etc.
[Leipzig: "Annals of Physics"
eliminate the name "Maric" / "Marity" from the
Einstein papers - works without sources - gang
criminality
and Einstein accepts this without any protest. So
there is a gang criminality eliminating Mileva
from the papers. As the Einstein articles are
without sources, all is a robbery by the Einsteins
and it's not scientific at all. Printing this
robbery in the "Annals of Physics" ("Annalen der
Physik") is another gang criminality
- the criminals are: Einstein and the heads of the
"Annals of Physics" in Leipzig].
from 1905: The original
manuscript of the Theory of
Relativity and Electrodynamics
with the signature
"Einstein-Maric" (Hungarian:
"Einstein-Marity") has
"disappeared"
(p.14)
from 1905: Einstein with theory
of relativity: Einstein no
longer wants to remember the
Michelson-Morley experiment
(p.3)
from 1905: Einstein becomes
famous and lets Mileva behind
(p.5)
[Mileva dreamed of Einstein's
career - and when he became famous, the
separation came]
-- Albert has the dream of a university
professor's post (p.5)
-- Mileva does not have the dream of a
university post (p.5)
[but Mileva would like to be reckognized
and would like to be in the "community of high
physicians" - Einstein is blocking all].
from 1909: Critics of the
theory of relativity say: "Something is
missing"
(p.2)
1910
until 1911: Distraction of starlight by the
sun [during a solar eclipse]
Walker: "Until 1911 (p. 111), the distraction
of the starlight was calculated by the sun."
(p.10)
[There is no indication WHO did this,.
maybe it was the American
Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO)
which was founded in 1911].
1912: Journey from Prague to
Zurich
In 1912, the Einstein returned to Zurich,
where their old friend Marcel Grossmann began
to formulate the general theory of relativity
in the sense of the tensor account (p.10).
[So, there is one more "composter" of
the General Theory of Relativity: Marcel
Grossmann].
1913: Mileva Einstein + Marie
Curie in the Swiss Alps on vacation
The families Einstein and Curie go on holiday
together, but Pierre Curie is (since 1906 [web03])
no longer there (p.5).
1914: Distraction of the starlight by the sun is
re-experimented
Walker: "
By 1914,
experimenters were already looking for the
preicted defleciton of starlight."
(p.10)
1914: Berlin: The last major publications by
Albert Einstein and Mileva - and he retains
ALL glory on his own
The works were all created by the collaboration
of Einstein with Mileva (p.10).
April 6, 1914: Einstein's family reaches
Berlin - Einstein with his [[Jewish]] family
in Berlin
(p.10; Clark, p. 173)
-- Einstein becomes directly a director of the
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin
(p.10)
-- Einstein becomes a professor in Berlin
directly at the University of Berlin and gets a
chair at the Academy of Sciences (p.10)
Berlin 1914-1915: Einstein completing in 1915
the treatise on the general theory of
relativity
(p.10)
[and again all people who helped him are
excluded from being mentioned (!)]
Summer
1914: Mileva leaves Berlin [[with her two
sons]]
(p.10)
[Mileva
is returning to Zurich with her two
sons after traumatic evidence that
Einstein is lost with his racist
Jewish family which declares the
marriage of Einstein and Mileva as
"not existent" (Plötz: The Woman who -
1990), and Einstein is also lost in
the Berlin nobility fucking around
(Ripota: Einsichten 2018) - never
mentioning what Mileva had done for
him].
From summer 1914: Separation of Einstein and
Mileva - Einstein's working level is falling
And: There are no innovations with Einstein any more
(p.5).
since 1914: Einstein's physics becomes more
conservative - without Mileva NO new basic ideas
come
-- he adds a "cosmological constant" to his
equations (p.5)
-- Einstein misses the avant-garde physicists (p.5)
-- Einstein made a show out of minor changes to his
formulas (p.6)
-- Einstein becomes a loner who can not integrate
the new quantum mechanics (p.5)
-- Walker claims that Einstein worked a lot since
1914 (p.5)
"Annals of
Physics" in Leipzig 1915: Einstein presents
texts from 1907
Einstein's work on the general theory of
relativity of 1915 was already given in 1907 by
working on the general theory (see Hoffman:
Albert Einstein, Creator and Rebel, Viking
Press, N.Y., p. 109).
"Annals of Physics" in Leipzig 1915 is
publishing "The explanation of the perihelion
movement of Mercury from the general theory of
relativity" appears
The work has been originated by the
collaboration of Einstein with Mileva (pp.
10-11).
[1915-1923:
financial catastrophe with this criminal
Einstein in Berlin: Germany loosing the
war - inflation without end - Mileva in
Zurich lives with her sons in poverty
for 8 years
see: Senta Trömel-Plötz: The Woman Who Did
Einstein's Mathematics - web02]
"Annals of Physics" in Leipzig 1916: Printing of
"The Basis of the General Theory of Relativity"
The work originated from Einstein's collaboration
with Mileva (p.11).
[And other collaborators
remain unnamed and are misappropriated, e.g. Marcel
Grossmann].
And there are more things: Walker:
<Similarly,
the work in transition probabilities
goes back to the time when Mileva and
Albert were working together.
(p.11) [[Title?]]
But again I should
perhaps emphasize that I have only
argued that Mileva's presence during
this time aided materially the
formulation and development of these
works, not that any of these later
works should be considered hers.>
(p.11)
[After 1919: Without Mileva it goes down with
the style of Albert Einstein]
Walker: "The fact that the character of his work
has changed since the separation is a fact that
has long been acknowledged by the scientific
community, although the absence of Mileva as
such has not been cited as the cause of this
development." (S.11)
Zurich February 1919: "Consensual" divorce
-- Mileva receives custody of children (p.6)
-- Mileva receives [[theoretical]] support and
[[theoretical]] maintenance (p.6)
-- Einstein tells Mileva that all the future
Nobel Prize money would be hers (p.6)
-- Einstein should retain the fame, Mileva the
prize money, and Mileva considered the prize
money as "adequate reward for her role she had
played in the development of the theory of
relativity and the theory of the photoelectric
effect." (p.6)
[Solar
Eclipse 1919
In 1919, Einstein is celebrated worldwide
by the Rothschild NWO media for predicting
the deflection of the star's light by the
sun during a solar eclipse - but other
physicists have found this fact in 1911
already and have investigated this fact as
early as 1914 and get NO fame (!)]:
1920
Kyoto
(Japan) 1921: Einstein erfindet in
einem Vortrag eine neue Entstehung seiner
Relativitätstheorie - nun betont er das
Michelson-Morley-Experiment (!)
[Einstein
ist 1921 auf Japan-Tournee und erfindet eine
neue Entstehung seiner Relativitätstheorie].
Kyoto
(Japan) 1921: During a lecture, Einstein
invents a new emergence of his theory of
relativity - now he emphasizes the
Michelson-Morley experiment (!)
[In
1921, Einstein is on tour in Japan and
invents a new genesis of his theory of
relativity. And in 1923 a book is
published about this].
Walker:
<The
matter becomes even stranger when
we read Yoshimasa A. Ono's
translation of a 1923 publication
by the Japanese physicist, Jun
Ishiwara, titled "How I created
the theory of Relativity" (Physics
Today, August 1982, pg 45). What
is striking in this article, as A.
I. Miller tells us in his May 1987
Physics Today letter (pp 9-13), is
that in this Kyoto lecture
Einstein omits his "oft repeated
stress on such key elements of his
[p.2] thinking toward the special
theory of relativity as the
symmetries in electromagnetic
induction, stellar aberration and
his 1895 thought experiment of
pursuing a beam of light. Instead
this passage emphasizes the
Michelson-Morley experiment,
despite the fact that without
exception and from early days to
the end, a crutial connection of
this sort is not born out by any
of the many consistent firsthand
accounts Einstein himself gave of
this experiment."> [p.3]
1940
"USA" 1943: Campaign for more donations for the
Second World War: Einstein is to donate for the
war - he writes the theory of relativity again -
auction
From 1971 onwards, with the Einstein biography of
Clark, it becomes clear that the manuscript of the
Theory of Relativity has disappeared. Clark
describes in his biography on page 570 that:
-- Einstein receives an invitation from the
Book and Author
Committee of the Fourth War Loan Drive
to auction off his original manuscript of the Theory
of Relativity and to enter the revenue as a
war-donation (p.15)
-- Einstein states that he destroyed the original
(p.15)
-- Einstein rewrites the theory of relativity in
November 1943 and auctions off the copy (p.15)
-- On this copy Einstein states that he had
destroyed the original manuscript:
"The
following pages are a copy
of my first paper concerning
the theory of relativity.
I made this copy in November 1943.
The original manuscript not
[sic] longer exists having
been discarded by me after its
publication." (Clark,
p. 570)
(p.15)
[So, there is the clear suspicion that
parts of the manuscript were written by Mileva in
her handwriting. This counts also for all other
works of 1905].
Zurich
1948: Death of Mileva - the
gravestone of Mileva is signed
with "Einstein-Marity"
(S.15)
1950
[Princeton
1950 + 1952: Albert Einstein is questioned
several times: He suppresses the works of
Hendrik A. Lorentz and the Michelson-Morley
experiment for the theory of relativity -
EVERYTHING is stolen]
Walker:
<Stachel
has also taken considerable exception
to my statement that Einstein "pursued
his interest in relativity for years
with no knowledge of the
Michelson-Morley experiment or (until
quite late [relative to the
publication date of the special
theory]) of the work Hendrik A.
Lorentz had done." It is hardly
surprising that he would have taken
exception to this, since it is the
whole purpose of Stachel's Physics
Today article (May 1987, pp 45-47) to
show that these early letters between
Einstein and Marić disprove Einstein's
own statements to the contrary.>
(p.11)
Princeton
4.2.1950: R.S. Shankland at Einstein
asking about Lorentz and Michelson
experiment
(p.11) On this subject, the 1971 Einstein
biography of Clark (pp. 96-97) states:
"When I asked him
how he had learned of the
Michelson-Morley experiment",
says R.S. Shankland, who visited
Einstein on February 4, 1950,
from the Case Institute of
Technology, while preparing a
historical account of the
experiment, "he told me he had
become aware of it through the
writings of H.A. Lorentz, but
only after 1905 had it come to
his attention ..." (p.11)
Princeton 24.10.1952:
R.S. Shankland again with Einstein
asking about Lorentz and Michelson
experiment
On this topic, Clark (pp. 96-97) states:
<Yet when
Shankland again visited
Princeton on octobre 24,
1952, Einstein was not so
certain:
"This is not so easy",
Shankland quotes him as
saying. "I am not sure
when I first heard of the
Michelson experiment. I
was not conscious that it
had influenced me directly
during the seven years
that relativity had been
my life. I guess I just
took it for granted that
it was true." He then
realized (so he told me)
that he had also been
conscious of Michelson's
result before 1905 partly
through his reading of the
papers of Lorentz and more
because he had assumed
this result of Michelson
to be true.> (p.11)
Princeton 1953: Albert Einstein
plays down the Michelson-Morley experiment - and
suppresses the Lorentz transformation laws -
EVERYTHING is stolen
Princeton 1953: Einstein claims that the
Michelson-Morley experiment plays no role in the
theory of relativity
Walker is telling (p.12):
A supplementary note written by a
former professor of mine, Dr. N. Balazs, who
was working with Einstein in Princeton in the
summer of 1953, and who questioned him on the
subject for Polanyi, gives us this insight:
The Michelson-Morley experiment
had no role in the foundation of the theory.
He got aquainted with it while reading
Lorentz' paper about the theory of this
experiment (he, of course, does not remember
exactly when, though prior to his paper),
but it had no further influence on
Einstein's consideration and the theory of
relativity was not founded to explain its
outcome at all.> (p.12
So, Einstein wants to have detected
the formula of relativity
1) WITHOUT knowing the Michelson-Morley
experiment
2) WITHOUT deriving the transformation laws of
Lorentz (p.12)
Princeton 1954: Book "The Art of Knowing" by
Michael Polanyi - Einstein says: The
Michelson-Morley experiment is "negligible"
Walker tells (p.11-12):
In 1954, for Michael Polanyi's
The Art of Knowing, Einstein approved the
statement that "the Michelson-Morley
experiment had a negligible effect [p.11] on
the discovery of relativity". [p.12]
Princeton
19.2.1955: Einstein says to Carl Seelig that
in 1905 he knew only the work of Lorentz from
1895, but the later work not
concerning Einstein "For Electrodynamics of
Moving Bodies" (p.11 - document collection "The
Collected Papers" by Albert Einstein, volume 1
p. 330, footnote 4)
1970
1971: Clark says that the inspiration for the
Theory of Relativity is still unclear - Einstein
has hidden something
Walker tells us:
Clark, in his massive biography
Einstein: The Life and Times (World Publishing
Co., 1971, pg 74), states,
<"Today, two-thirds of a
century after Einstein posted the manuscript
of his paper to Annalen der Physik, the dust
is still stirred by discussion of what
inspired him .... and by the sometimes
contradictory evidence of the paper's
genesis." (p.2)
So much of what Einstein gives
us as glimpses of his inspiration, on
reflection do not seem to be the cues to
discovery that should have led him to the
theory of relativity. His oft[en] quoted
1895 thought experiment in which he tries to
imagine what he would see if he were able to
follow a beam of light at its own velocity
through space -- if he were able to travel
beside the beam of light traveling toward
the Great Clock Tower in Bern -- evidences
the problem. His thought experiment should
have simply had him observing a standing
wave if -- if, that is he knew nothing of
the remarkable findings of the
Michelson-Morley experiment.> (p.2)
1971: Clark claims in the biography
"The Life and Times" about Mileva,
Mileva is grim, laconic and suspicious
-- Mileva is not like a Swiss housewife
always happy and cleaning the apartment
(p.3)
-- Mileva is the "daughter of a Slav
peasant", 4 years older than Einstein,
"dreamy and sedate nature", Clark claims
that Mileva "slowed" the life of
Einstein (p.3)
-- Mileva is dark, laconic and
suspicious (p.3)
-- Clark claims that Mileva has just
learned "enough" to "enter" the world of
Einstein (p.3)
[The
truth is: after 1905, Mileva is
a second time discriminated and
degraded in 1912
From 1912 Mileva was rather
gloomy, laconic and mischievous,
because this Mr. Einstein more and
more contacted with his
Jewish-racist Einstein family who
did not accept the marriage
between the Moses-Fantasy-Jewish
Einstein and the
Jesus-Fantasy-Christian Mileva and
so the Mileva's entire cooperation
with Einstein was not recognized.
Mileva was first discriminated in
1905
(when her
signature
"Einstein-Marity"
was
eliminated) and
then she was discriminated and
degraded a second time, now by
the racist Jewish Einstein
family, and thus she was only "gloomy,
laconic and suspicious"].
1971:
Biography of Clark about Einstein: Einstein to
R.S. Shankland about Lorentz
On this topic, Clark (pp. 96-97) states the
following:
<"When I
asked him how he had learned of the
Michelson-Morley experiment", says R.S.
Shankland, who visited Einstein on
February 4, 1950, from the Case Institute
of Technology, while preparing a
historical account of the experiment, "he
told me he had become aware of it through
the writings of H.A. Lorentz, but only
after 1905 had it come to his attention
... (p.11)
Yet when Shankland again visited Princeton
on octobre 24, 1952, Einstein was not so
certain. "This is not so easy", Shankland
quotes him as saying. "I am not sure when
I first heard of the Michelson experiment.
I was not conscious that it had influenced
me directly during the seven years that
relativity had been my life. I guess I
just took it for granted that it was
true." He then realized (so he told me)
that he had also been conscious of
Michelson's result before 1905 partly
through his reading of the papers of
Lorentz and more because he had assumed
this result of Michelson to be true.>
(p.11)
1980
from the
1980s: "New material" is examined
to find out what role Mileva Marić played as a
senior partner in this collaboration (p.1)
First results of the letter
research about the Einsteins
Journal "Physics Today" 1987: The origin of
the Theory of Relativity can not be explored -
"something is missing"
The article is on p.45-47 of Physics Today (p.2)
May 1987: Stachel postulates a collaboration
between Einstein and Mileva
John Stachel
wrote in his "Einstein and the Ether drift
Experiments" (Physics Today, May 1987,
pg45),
"this comment raises the
intriguing question of the nature of
Marić's role in their collaboration."
(p.6)
Journal
"Physics Today" - April 1988: Article by K. Suchy
on the role of Mileva in Mileva's Theory of
Relativity
<K. Suchy had commented on Albert
Einstein's statement to Mileva in the letter
mentioned earlier (p. 6 - in
Physics Today April 1988 p.124):,
"How happy and proud I will be
when the two of us together will have
brought our work on relative motion to a
successful conclusion."> (p.6)
1988: The book "In the shadow of
Albert Einstein" - the signature
"Einstein-Maric" ("Einstein-Marity")
1988: German translation of the Mileva
biography of Desanka - the signature
"Einstein-Maric" ("Einstein-Marity") becomes
known worldwide
The book by Desanka Trbuhovic-Gjuric on Mileva
is called "In the shadow of Albert Einstein's.
The tragic life of Mileva Einstein-Marić"
[[original in Serbia-Croathain 1969, translated
into German in 1988]] and is now published in
Bern in German (Paul Haupt edition, Bern
Switzerland, 1988). Only now is it known
worldwide that Einstein's articles from 1905
were signed with the double name
"Einstein-Maric" (p.14).
Desanka quote (translation by Walker):
<The
outstanding Russian
physicist Abraham F. Joffe
(1880-1960), director of the
Applied Physics Institute, later
the Institute for Semiconductors
in the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR, called attention to the fact
in his [[Russian book]]
"Remembrances of Albert Einstein"
that Einstein's three epoch making
articles of 1905 were marked in
the original Einstein-Marić.
Joffe as an assistant to Röntgen,
who belonged to the board of
trustees of the Annalen, had seen
the originals that the editor had
forwarded for review. To this work
Röntgen pulled in his summa cum
laude student Joffe who had the
opportunity thereby to see the manuscripts
that are no longer available
today.> (pg 97)
Joffes also
states that Mileva modified her surname and
alternately signed with Maric or with the
Hungarian form Marity (p.15).
Joffe even indicates the surname in
Serbo-Croatian "Марић" and not simply in the
Russian-Cyrillic form "Марич" (p.15).
[Joffe wusste von Milevas Variation:
"Einstein-Marity"]
Walker:
<There is
a subtle but most significant piece of
evidence in Joffe's statement as found in
his original "Remembrances of Albert
Einstein." There Joffe uses the name
"Эйнштейн-Марити", that is, in Latin
letters, Einstein-Marity.
Surprisingly, he does not use the Russian
Cyrilic form of her maden name "Марич" as
he shoujld have were he transliterating
her name from her native Serbo-Cyrilic,
where it has the form "Марић", the form in
which Mileva herself used her name when
she lived in Serbia. Nor is this the form
he should have given had he been
transliterating from the Croatian,
"Marić", which is the form of her name
used on her Swiss records, in all Western
biographies and references on the subject,
and even in the biography by her fellow
countryman, Desanka Trbuhovic-Gjuric.
However, in the Trbuhovic-Gjuric biography
of Mileva Marić, there are three plates in
the book that reproduce her name as she
used it herselv in Switzerland after her
marriage: "Einstein-Marity". This is a
Hungarianized form of her name. It is the
form of her name that appears on her
tombstone in Zurich. It is also how she
signed her name on her marriage
certificate in 1903. (p.15)
If Joffe remembered that form of her name,
it would have had to be because he had
seen something that Mileva had signed
herself, something that she signed
"Einstein-Marity", that became in the
Russian "Эйнштейн-Марити". This,
taken with all the rest, is compelling
evidence that Joffe did see the
original 1905 papers, and that the
name there was "Einstein-Marity"!>
(p.15)
Journal "Physics Today" - February 1989: Letter
from Mr. Walker is published with the thesis of
the important cooperation of Mileva with Einstein
-- Mileva has made a significant contribution to the
development of the Theory of Relativity (p.6)
-- Perhaps Mileva has also made a significant
contribution to Einstein's early works (p.6)
Mr. Stachel's answer to Walker's letter:
-- Stachel thinks one has to understand the role of
Mileva in Einstein's life and the role of Einstein
in Mileva's life (p.6)
-- Stachel says "careful study" is missing
"considering all possible evidence and factors that
make up a relationship" (p.6)
-- Stachel thinks Einstein will lose his sanctity,
but so far there is no evidence that Mileva played a
"decisive role" in Einstein's intellectual
development and scientific achievement (p.7)
1989: Ms. Dr. Troemel-Ploetz sends data
to Mr. Walker that the 1905
Einstein manuscripts were signed
"Einstein-Maric" ("Einstein-Marity")
(p.14)
Walker:
<Subsequent to the
appearance of my ltter in the February 1989
issue of Physics Today, I received a letter
from Dr. Troemel-Ploetz of the Franklin and
Marchall College German Language Department
pointing out the following statement in one
of the references cited by the editors of
The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein (pg
405)> (p.14)
1990
1990: The
situation in physics: Partially 80 years
of standstill
-- a completely satisfactory formulation of
the laws of nature has not yet been found
(p.16)
-- Einstein's formulas have provoked a long
standstill in some of the most fundamental
questions in physics, "especially with
regard to the synthesis of general
relativity and quantum mechanics" (p.16)
1990: The Einstein-letter research:
Mileva was systematically concealed since 1905
Research 1980s + 1990s: Einstein
letters prove that Albert Einstein KNEW about
the Michelson-Morley experiment - EVERYTHING
is stolen
15th-20th February 1990: Speech by Evan Harris
Walker at the AAAS Annual Meeting: "Ms.
Einstein" (p.1)
AAAS 1990: Lecture by Walker on the
falsifications of Einstein and the embezzlement of
the Mileva
-- with material from Dr. med. Senta Troemel-Ploetz
from Franklin and Marshall College
-- with material from Harold Leicht, Soviet Area
Specialist, European Department
-- with material from the Library of Congress
-- with Tanja Lorkovic, Slavic bibliographer at Yale
University, who assisted in the selection and
interpretation of essential literature
-- with Konrad Frank from the Ballistic Research
Laboratory [[Ballistic Research Laboratory]]
-- with Marianne Brazee-Hägeli, who provided
translations of German-language texts,
-- with Steven L. Blumenthal of WCRI, Walker Cancer
Research Institute, for his comprehensive support in
finding and interpreting the most important
literature used in this study. [p.18]
AAAS 1990:
Einstein with theory of relativity: Walker
wonders why Einstein knows the
Michelson-Morley experiment in 1903, then
no longer in 1905, then again in Japan in
1923, and then again no more
So, according to Walker, there must be
something more fundamental behind it (p.3).
AAAS 1990: Walker says that Mileva was
discriminated by Dr. Weber without
presenting the complete intrigue of the
Einsteins against the Polytechnic
University and without citing the protests
of Mileva against Dr. Weber
Walker simply means:
"I
pointed out that with the
educational background she had
obtained at such a price as
women at that time had to pay."
(p.5)
and Walker is
stating that Einstein + Mileva wanted to be
recognized as man and woman as well as the
couple Curie (p.5):
"I
cannot help but see Mileva and
Albert Einstein working as a
team, hoping together to
achieve the kind of
husband-and-wife recognition
that had come to Marie and
Pierre Curie." (S.5)
[Correction: Well, Mileva wanted this
to be famous as a couple, but Einstein
with his racist Jewish Einstein family
did NOT want that they became famous
as a mixed religious couple].
AAAS 1990:
Walker concludes that the main work on
relativity is from Mileva
-- If this Albert Einstein in the 1950s thinks
that the theory of relativity came about without
Michelson-Morley experiment and
-- If this Albert Einstein in the 1950s thinks
that the theory of relativity was also achieved
without Lorentz transformation, then
-- it seems that Mileva has contributed the most
important facts for the derivation of the theory
of relativity (p.13-14).
Walker quote:
"It would seem
reasonable, therefore, to postulate
that Mileva Marić was the source of
the crucial pieces of information
about the Michelson-Morley experiment,
that through her influence the ideas
inherent in that experiment guided the
derivation of the transformation laws
and that information from her
concerning the Lorentz expressions for
the transformation laws helped assure
Einstein that they were on the correct
path." (p.14)
-- and thus Mileva is co-author of the theory of
relativity of Einstein (p.14).
[1902-1905]: With regard to the
theory of relativity, from Mileva
survive only 10 letters, from
Einstein there are 43 letters
(p.7)
-- Einstein and Mileva often mention
their scientific activities only
casually and briefly (p.7)
[From 1902 on, there are not many
letters left because they lived together. The
great letter orgies come again since 1914 again
with the separation].
[Einstein and
Mileva: many letters with science -
and many letters without science]
-- Einstein Document 45: "My
broodings about radiation are
starting to get on somewhat
firmer ground."
(p.7)
-- Einstein Document 50: "When
I was reading Helmholtz for
the first time, it seemed
inconceivable that you are not
with me."
(p.7)
-- Mileva Document 36 on Prof. Lenard
in Heidelberg (1897-1898) (p.7-8):
[Mileva reports
about Prof. Lenard in
Heidelberg and the kinetic
theory of the heat of gases]
"Oh, it was
really neat at the lecture of Prof. Lenard
yesterday, he is talking now about the
kinetic theory of heat of gases; so, it
turned out that the molecules of O move
with a velocity of over 400m per second,
then the good Prof. calculated, set up
eq., differen., integrated, substituted
and it finally turned out that even though
mole- [p.7] cules do move with this
velocity, they travel a distance of only
1/100 of a hairbreadth." [p.8] (Document
36)
AAAS
1990: Walker sets himself the task of finding out
the advice of Mileva to Einstein - Einstein has
apparently destroyed many letters
-- one has to investigate all Einstein letters for
finding out what Mileva had communicated him in the
letters which were destroyed by Einstein (p.8)
-- Einstein once complained that he had not received
a letter from Mileva for 3 days (Document 58):
Document
58: "It's already the 4th
day...[and she] has not uttered a
single word..."
(.8)
(original German: "Es
ist bereits der vierte Tag ...
[und sie] hat kein einziges
Wort ausgesprochen.")
Document 126: "Three
days have passed without my having
received a letter..."
(p.8)
(original German: "Drei
Tage sind vergangen,
ohne dass ich einen
Brief erhalten habe
...")
-- well, Einstein apparently destroyed many letters
from Mileva (p.8). Walker indicates:
"her
custom must have been to write him
about as frequently as he wrote to
her rather than the paucity that
ten letters in many months of
separation over the five year
period involved might otherwise
suggest."
(p.8)
The letters about the joint scientific efforts
[Helmholtz:
"I ... with you" - "collaboration very
good & curative"]
Document 50 - Meanwhile, I have already
studied quite a bit of Helmholtz ... out
of fear of you& also for my own
pleasure, let me immediately add that I
will read the whole stuff with you.
When I was reading Helmholtz for the first
time it seemed inconceivable that you are
not with me & now its not much better.
I find the collaboration very good
& curative...
[Helmholtz's electromagnetic theory of
light: "we will start immediately"]
Document 57 - And we will start
immediately with Helmholtz's
electromagnetic theory of light, which 1)
out of fear 2) because I did not have it,
I still have not read.
[Thomson
effect: "we could already start
tomorrow"]
Document 74 - For the investigation of the
Thomson effect I have again resorted to
another method, which has some
similarities with yours for the
determination of the dependence of k on
T& & which indeed presupposes such
an investigation. If only we could
already start tomorrow.
["Our new work"]
Document 75 - I am also looking forward
very much to our new work
(Arbeiten). You must now continue
with your investigation.
["We
shall seek to get empirical material" -
"we will send it to Wiedermann's
Annalen"]
Document 79 - Michele has already noticed
that I like you, because, even though I
didn't tell him almost anything about you,
he said, when I told him that I must go to
Zurich again: "He surely wants to go to
his (woman) colleague, what else would
draw him to Zurich?" I replied, "But
unfortunately she is not yet there."
...When we [Albert and Mileva] come to
Zurich, we shall seek to get
empirical material on the subject
through Kleiner. If a law of
nature emerges from this, we will
send it to Wiedermann's Annalen.
[4]
Foot note 4. The first
two sentences are included to make
clear that the"we" refers to Mileva
and Albert, not Michele and Albert.
[Question
of "specific heat": "See whether
you can find something about that"]
Document 93 - However, compounds of great
"internal" energy [p.8] do how
band-like absorption spectra. What is the
story with the specific heat
of glass considering its composition. It
would have to have a small molecular heat,
compared with its molecular number. See
whether you can find something about
that!...One kisses equally
well as a little doctor and professor. Did
you also send a paper to Wenger?
Document 94
- How happy and proud I will be when
the two of us together will
have brought our work on the relative
motion [the theory of relativity] to a
victorious conclusion!
Document 96 - Michele arrived with wife
and child from Trieste the day before
yesterday. ... Yesterday evening I talked
shop with him with great interest for
almost 4 hours. We talked about the
fundamental separation of luminiferous
ether and matter, the definition of
absolute rest, molecular forces, surface
phenomena, dissociation. He is very
interested in our investigations...
Document 101 - As for science, I've got an
extremely luckey idea, which will make it
possible to apply our theory
of molecular forces to gases as well.
[All is only
robbed: "our investigation" - "we shall
get quite a precise test of our view"]
Document 102 - I think, however, that O.E.
Meyer has enough empirical material for our
investigation. If you once go
to the library, you may check it. ... I am
very curious whether our conservative
molecular forces will hold good for gases
as well. We shall get quite a
precise test of our view.
(This work was published in Annalen der
Physik 4 (1901) with the title
"Folgerungen aus den
Capillaritätserscheinungen" under
Albert's name only).
[Albert
Einstein gives "our paper" to
Prof. Weber]
Document 107 - The local Prof. Weber is
very nice to me... I gave him our
paper.
[Work about heat: "we will again be
able to work together]
Document 111 - Imagine how lovely it will
be when we will again be able to
work together totally
undisturbed ... You will be amply
compensated... Weber also once did
theoretical work on the motion of heat in
metal cylinders. See whether you couldn't
somehow use the table on this basis...
Document 127 - From this it follows,
according to our theory of molecular
forces, that there must exist an
approximate proportionality between our
constants ΣCα and the molecular volumes of
the liquids.
[Common
work is proven for: 1) theory of molecular
forces - 2) work on relative motion]
In these letters Albert seems to be quite
consistent in referring to [p.9]
"our" theory whenever he discusses either
the theory of moleclar forces or the work on
relative motion. Such references to "our"
work do not seem to occur where Albert
discusses other scientific ideas. These two
theories, at least, appear to have been
collaborative efforts.
[Einstein
with letters to Marie Winteler, Rosa
Winteler, Julia Niggi, Helene Kaufler,
Otto Wiener, Wilhelm Ostwald, Conrad
Habicht, Jost Winteler: WITHOUT ANY
scientific content]
It might also be mentioned that at least
during this period of his life Albert never
discusses any scientific matters in his
letters to other women. His letters to Marie
Winteler, Rosa Winteler and Julia Niggi, for
example contain nothing in the way of
treatises on technical matters. Nor is there
such material in his letters to people like
Helene Kaufler, Otto Wiener, Wilhelm
Ostwald, or even in his correspondence with
Conrad Habicht. There is only an oblique
reference to scientific matters in his
correspondence with his long time friend
Jost Winteler, concerning the fact that he
had had a controversy with some German
professors. Even here there is no mention of
the scientific nature of the controversy.
[Einstein
with letters to Marcel Grossmann - with only
1 scientific paragraph]
Only in his correspondence with Marcel
Grossmann, with whom he later coauthored his
first paper on the general theory of
relativity do we find him sharing his
scientific ideas in a letter -- and then it
is only one short paragraph.
In none of these letters do we find Albert
Einstein ever making any reference to "our"
work or to a collaboration with any one.
Stachel's Physics Today rebuttal to my
letter published on the Mileva Marić
controversy, also takes exception to my
statement that "their years together saw
Einstein's greatest achievements..." In his
rebuttal Stachel abreviated this quote so as
to divert attention from the main point of
my statement which was not that Einstein
made no further contributions, but that his
physics after that time was no longer
"filled with daring concepts". This is a
well known fact to most physicists, yet
Stachel argued that "about a year after his
separation ... Einstein surmounted the major
conceptual difficulties that had prevented
him for two years from completing the
general theory of relativity ..." adding
that "within about two years of the
separation, he made one of his major
contributions to the quantum theory by
introducing the concept of transition
probabilities between quantum states." But
in both cases we are dealing with the
completion of work already well developed.
Conclusions of Walker in 1990 at the AAAS:
-- Mileva is a proven co-author of the works of
Albert Einstein
-- The collaboration between Mileva and Einstein
involves the complete development of Einstein's work
-- Einstein fully recognizes this cooperation in
letters to Mileva (document 50)
-- From 1905 Einstein abuses the cooperation and is
hoarding the fame for himself (Document 74)
-- Einstein encourages Mileva to continue working
together (document 94) with the promise "You will be
well compensated" (document 111)
-- It is quite possible that the contribution of
Mileva was the main contribution: Walker:
"There
is reason to speculate that
Mileva's contribution was even
greater than this. There is reason
to believe that hers could have
been the primary contribution."
(p.15)
